![]() ![]() Our findings highlight that DNA methylation is associated with latency, disease progression, and fundamental cellular processes. Methylation was associated with the expression of genes sustaining intracellular glucose metabolism in subjects undergoing antiretroviral virologic failure. Disease progression heterogeneity was associated with distinct DNA methylation patterns in terms of rates and distribution. ![]() Among the inversely correlated genes, those supporting glycolysis and its related pathways were hypomethylated and up-regulated in virologic failures. The lower the promoter methylation, the higher the gene expression in subjects undergoing virologic failure (R = − 0.82, p = 0.00068). Hyper and hypomethylation levels within TSS adjacencies varied according to disease progression status (Kruskal–Wallis, p < 0.001), and specific differentially methylated regions associated genes were identified for each group. Hypermethylation in virologic responders was highly distributed closer to Transcription Start Sites (p-value = 0.03). Gene expression was assessed through RNA-seq. Sheared DNA from circulating mononuclear cells was subjected to target enrichment bisulfite sequencing designed to cover CpG-rich genomic regions. This study describes the DNA methylation profile of HIV-infected individuals with distinct characteristics related to natural and artificial viremia control. DNA methylation is one of the epigenetic modifications that configures gene transcription programs. ![]()
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